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PHAC Data Blog: COPD

COPD is a progressive illness that causes shortness of breath and cough. The disease is caused by chronic lung irritation, most commonly from tobacco smoke. The PHAC Data Blog is a great source to get short facts and the most recent information on a variety of public health issues. This month, we are focusing on COPD.

Prevalence

COPD is a chronic, debilitating disease that can be caused by exposure to lung irritants like tobacco smoke. The symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and sputum production. The disease is most common in older adults. The disease is not curable but treatment options can slow its progression, alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

COPD is most prevalent among people over 65, and its incidence increases as you age. COPD is the most significant cause of morbidity and death in Canada. It also has a significant impact on mortality, morbidity and health care utilization. In BC the burden of COPD is substantial and is increasing with the aging of the population.

The prevalence of COPD is widely underestimated by the current data sources. This is probably due to differences between survey methodologies and different characteristics of the population. Even with the disparities in estimates of prevalence, it is still evident that the disease is very prevalent.

A lung function test, also known as Spirometry is a test that can be performed in primary health care to track COPD and detect it. A greater use of spirometry in the general population may help to diagnose and manage the disease, and ultimately, reduce the cost of health care associated with this condition.

Signs and symptoms

COPD is a chronic disease that causes obstructed airflow in the lungs. This can result in symptoms like shortness of breath, cough and sputum production. It is typically caused by long-term exposure to irritant gases or Canadian Pacific COPD particles of matter, which is most often smoking cigarettes. It can be difficult to determine and is often misdiagnosed with asthma or other conditions that have similar symptoms. It is a multifaceted condition that has four distinct types: COPD-asthma (non-acute) COPD-asthma (acute) and COPD/chronic bronchitis (acute).

A recent study conducted by Gershon and colleagues demonstrated that a significant portion of patients with COPD are underdiagnosed (10). The research showed that those who were not diagnosed had significantly higher rates of hospital visits and emergency department visits as compared to those without canadian pacific copd (https://sites.google.Com/view/railroadcancersettlements) and were more likely to smoke. It is believed that the underuse of spirometry as well as the misdiagnosis of nonspecific respiratory signs such as dyspnea are contributing to a misdiagnosis of COPD (10). Patients who are suspected of having COPD could benefit from testing for lung function post-bronchodilator and anticholinergic medications. This will enhance care for patients and reduce the costs for healthcare systems.

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of COPD is important because it slows the progression of symptoms as well as reducing the frequency of exacerbations. The symptoms of COPD are easily identified through physical examination and Canadian Pacific COPD history as well as a simple breathing test, known as spirometry. In countries with high incomes Spirometry is commonly used in the evaluation of chronic respiratory disorders however in low- and middle-income nations, it's generally not accessible. It is crucial to monitor adherence with treatment, inhaler technique and the effectiveness of the regimen in controlling symptoms.