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Canadian Pacific COPD Cohort Study

In this study, we employ a cohort of people from the population to study the connection between ambient air pollution exposure and spirometry-defined COPD. This is crucial because previous studies using administrative health data used relatively large sample sizes and have identified overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of COPD (13 14). The mean annual PM2.5 concentrations in the CanCOLD group are far below those found in capital cities.

What is COPD?

COPD is a progressive illness that gets worse over time. It causes scarring of the airways (fibrosis) and small air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. The walls between air sacs get thicker and larger making it difficult to breath. The lungs make more mucus, which blocks the airways and makes coughing more frequent.

Exacerbations are a condition in which breathing becomes more difficult for people with COPD. Other symptoms include fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. Smoking or infection can cause an exacerbation.

A doctor can diagnose COPD by asking questions regarding symptoms and performing an examination. A stethoscope is a tool to listen to the lungs and hear wheezing or breathing problems. Imaging tests, like X-rays or a CT scan of the lungs, may show changes in the shape and canadian pacific aplastic anemia size of the lungs. A blood test can determine the level of oxygen in the blood. Other blood tests can be used to rule out other problems such as a low red blood cells or high sodium levels.

Treatments can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Inhalable powders or sprays are employed to inhale drugs that dilate the airways (open them up) and reduce inflammation. They include substances that are beta-2 agonists or anticholinergics or methylxanthines. Inhaling steroids can be used to decrease inflammation. Oxygen therapy using masks or nebulizers can boost the oxygen level in the blood. Pulmonary rehabilitation, a customized treatment program, can instruct patients how to manage their symptoms and improve their the quality of their lives.

Treatment

While there is no cure for COPD, its symptoms can be treated with treatments, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Early diagnosis by lung function tests and prompt treatment are crucial to stop the progression of the disease and improve the health outcomes. COPD is a major health burden in Canada. This includes both morbidity as well in mortality. The Public Health Agency of Canada and provincial and territorial departments of health can provide information on mortality through the Canadian Pacific Aplastic Anemia Chronic Disease Surveillance System.

The prevalence of COPD is different based on gender and age and also by territories and provinces. For canadian pacific aplastic anemia example, COPD-related deaths are more common in the Maritime provinces than British Columbia. This may be partly due to the lower rates of smoking in the Maritimes as well as differences in how the condition is identified and documented in different surveys and administrative databases.