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Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Benzene, a colorless liquid that is flammable and has an odor that is sweet, is the primary cause of leukemia. Railroad workers have been exposed to benzene by diesel fuel exhaust as a component in creosote coal tar distillates, carbolineum, naphtha and various cleaning solvents.

Treatment for acute lymphocytic lukemia can last from two to three years and includes the induction of remission, consolidation therapy, and maintenance therapy. Palliative care is also a part of the treatment plan.

Symptoms

Leukemia may cause changes in the body when cancer cells begin to grow. These abnormal blood cells, sometimes referred to as lymphoma or leukemia build up in the bone marrow and block out healthy blood cells, making it difficult for the body to fight infection, stop bleeding, and supply oxygen to the rest of the body's cells. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that begins in the immature white blood cells in the bone marrow, the hollow space inside bones that blood is made.

The DNA of the bone marrow cell undergoes changes that cause the cell to grow and divide at a faster rate than normal. These cancerous cells invade the bone marrow, and prevent the creation of new red blood cells.

The symptoms include fever, loss of appetite as well as weight loss, fatigue, vomiting, and lymph nodes that are enlarged. If the central nervous is affected, the patient may suffer from seizures, headaches, or vision problems.

Many railroad workers have long been exposed to benzene which has been linked to blood disorders like Leukemia. Benzene can be found in the diesel fuel that powers locomotives and in the solvents used on the railroad. Even exposure to low levels for a long period of time could be hazardous.

Diagnosis

The disease is characterized by abnormal white blood cells referred to as lymphocytes. They cause the bone marrow to produce too many leukemia cells and not enough healthy ones. The term "acute" refers to cancer that is rapidly developing and affects immature cells. The cancer also affects the production of new red and white blood cells.

In certain instances people may experience symptoms like fever, night sweats or weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, bone pain or hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen). These symptoms are difficult to diagnose because they are similar to the flu.

Doctors employ a variety of tests and procedures to diagnose the condition. These include blood tests that determine the level and type of body-wide chemicals. They also conduct spinal fluid tests (lumbar puncture) as well as a bone-marrow test, and imaging tests.

Induction therapy is the initial phase of treatment. The aim is to kill the leukemia-causing cell and restore normal blood cell production. The goal is to put the cancer in Remission.

Treatment

The majority of people suffering from ALL get a complete response to treatment, which means the leukemia cells are gone from the bone marrow and blood. Despite treatment, some leukemia cells may remain. The tiny amounts of leukemia that are known as minimal residual disease (MRD), can be discovered using techniques that assist doctors determine the amount of treatment may be required.

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for ALL. The first treatment given is called induction chemotherapy. It destroys most of the leukemia cells. Afterwards, doctors may give consolidation therapy to kill any remaining leukemia cells and prevent them from growing. They can also inject chemotherapy drugs directly into cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) which covers the spinal cord and brain. This is called intrathecal chemotherapy and it uses the drugs methotrexate and cytarabine as well as the steroid prednisone.

Doctors may bring leukemia back into remission by introducing more chemotherapy if it returns after treatment. It is more likely that the remission will not be permanent and that the cancer will return at some point. Certain individuals with ALL suffer from an abnormality in genetics known as the Philadelphia chromosome. They are treated differently than other ALL patients. They may receive specialized chemotherapy that targets the specific genetic mutations found in their leukemia. This type of chemotherapy can cause more adverse side effects and the overall cure rate is lower in patients with this chromosome mutation.

Prognosis

A variety of factors influence the prognosis for people with this type of bnsf railway Kidney cancer. Certain groups are more likely to be affected than others, for example those who suffer from a genetic disorder, or Bnsf railway Kidney cancer those who have been exposed by toxins. Different types of leukemia have different survival rates.

The condition occurs when a bone marrow cells develops errors in its genetic material, which is known as DNA. These mistakes, also known as mutations, cause the cells to grow faster than usual and crowd out healthy ones during the process. The leukemia cells are in a position to function normally and could be not able to fight infections.

Additionally, some people suffering from this disease have a specific genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome, which may result in an aggressive form of the disease. For those suffering from this type of leukemia Penn hematologists and medical oncologists can provide targeted therapies specifically designed to address the particular genetic makeup of the condition.

Railroad workers are at a greater chance of developing this illness due to their exposure to hazardous chemicals and substances during their work. Many of them suffer from cancers like mesothelioma and acute myeloid lymphoma (AML). Railroad workers have been exposed for a long time to benzene. This clear liquid with a sweet odor, is used as a solvent and also in diesel exhaust.